Speaker by Various Artists

77

Living under bridges

by James Littlewood

Skypath – the cycle & pedestrian path on the Auckland bridge – is a good thing. I’m looking forward to using it. But some of those celebrating its recently-granted resource consent could show more sympathy to the people of Northcote point, some of whom were inclined to oppose it.

I like Northcote point. I like the cinema, the restaurants, the ferries, and one of Auckland’s best (and few remaining) pubs. But the best bit is right at the end. You can’t really see it on the Internet (although it’s poetic that the Auckland Council consent documents have a couple of blurry shots). Google’s street view won’t take you there, even though there’s a road with houses on it. There are no photographs posted there, either on Google or Flickr No, you have to go there.

The road narrows and then suddenly slips under the bridge, like a secret doorway into a private world. Wide swathes of red paint extend the tarmac in a way that says “caution”. Poetry adorns the pillars of the bridge. The road weaves through the infrastructure, connecting hunkered-down houses, which are partly obscured by the steel and concrete (the same houses occupy the peripheral vision of motorists flying north and south). It feels vaguely military and strangely dignified, almost as if part of the Auckland Museum broke off and moved in, along with the other residents.

You sort of wonder if somebody in council thought to themselves, hey, these guys have to live under a bridge; least we can do is make it interesting.

But before long you start to feel like an intruder. People who live under bridges have usually made a bold decision. It’s as if these people have found some kind of a loophole in Auckland’s property market. A place where they can have whatever they want, as long as they don’t mind Auckland flying past at motorway speed just metres overhead.

None of which lessens the importance of Skypath (despite its Hollywood-sounding name). But when Auckland Council says in a press release that the opponents’ needs can be addressed, it would be helpful if someone could explain how, exactly. The concerns, of course, are that Skypath – if done badly – will rip through this preserved little sub-commun`ity like a truck through a playground. The Northcote Residents’ Association submitted a hundred page opposition, centred mainly on two questions, which are “Where is the parking?” and “How will Skypath’s traffic and huge crowds be managed?”

They seem like good questions. While marauding hordes of misanthropic pedestrians and cyclists is probably unlikely, that’s not really a design solution, or the point, is it? The Northcote people’s concerns are about worst case scenarios, which are best case scenarios for Skypath’s supporters.

And the parking concerns seem at least partly justified. Perhaps it’s a function of urban sprawl that people – everywhere – who live in once-quiet, once-remote suburbs might wake up one day to find a resident’s-only street-parking sticker in the mail.

It’s not fair to write this off to a NIMBY attitude. Nobody wants to live inside lousy design. The report’s author takes care to point out that Skypath is a good idea, but that if its execution is flawed, it becomes a problem. Then again, who knows? Maybe they’re just hooking in for all the compo they can.

Well, if it turns out that the project makes the place uninhabitable from their point of view, then good luck to them. They wouldn’t be the first to be displaced by transport infrastructure.

I have other concerns about Auckland’s thankfully-ever-growing cycle network. Mainly, I’m worried about the shared access between pedestrians and cyclists. As a regular user of the north-west shared cycle way, keeping an eye out for unlit pedestrians is a major concern. As cycle traffic grows, it looks very likely somebody’s going to get knocked off their feet.

Skypath is reportedly to be 4m wide. According to Auckland Transport’s cycling manager Kathryn King, a cyclist needs 1m around them. If a cyclist overtakes another cyclist, and there’s cyclists heading in both directions, and there’s pedestrians around, and kids … dogs … it’s not hard to foresee accident potential. And don’t presume every cyclist will be lolling along on a retro frame with a poodle in a basket. It is, after all, a major transport thoroughfare, and has potential to get busy.  I’d have thought a central lane divider would be a minimum, as it is for the cars and trucks.

The simplest solution would be to disallow pedestrians. But that’s not very friendly, is it? And it probably alienates the project from vast tracts of tourism potential, which is always politically popular. So a separated footpath would also be a good idea.

It would cost more. But I think too many cycleways are designed as shared spaces without consideration of the risks, or future capacity. It’s one thing to have an urban shared space of cobblestones and cafes like Forte St. But a narrow corridor with chunks of carbon fibre travelling at over 30km is a different thing altogether. That’s a wider problem that I think Auckland is going to have to address very soon.

I’d understand if the cycle lobbyists regarded shared space as a sort of funding concession. But it looks like a false economy to me.

Meanwhile, bring on Skypath, and the $111m cycle-way budget, which apparently translates to about 52 km. But please, cycle advocates, don’t get caught up in the same self-justifying, self-righteous rhetoric that made the roading industry what it is today. It needs a user-centred design philosophy, that includes local residents among the key stakeholders.

Republished from James Littlewood's personal blog, Pitchbender

145

Abortion: morality and health

by Lamia Imam

Recently there have been murmurings in New Zealand politics around euthanasia, medical marijuana and the worst of the bunch – abortion. These conscience issues tends to irritate politicians of all shades because they irritate “the public”. They are uncomfortable topics because so much of the narrative is wrapped up in morality.

In the case of abortion, the unspoken narrative is that women should be punished for having sex and getting pregnant because they should know that it is a potential consequence. But why shouldn’t women have access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health care? Why shouldn’t women have access to affordable and reliable abortion services without being criminalised?

There has been a petition to parliament that would require parental notification for someone under 16 seeking an abortion in an effort to restrict access. Our current laws are outdated and there are always organizations like Right to Life who are trying to put even more limitations to access.

The morality of sex and pregnancy always seems to be about women and not the men who are party to it as well. Pregnancy as a health issue always takes a back seat when a woman’s right to make health decisions about her own body is given the same weight as an organisation’s right to assert religious authority on a stranger.

Last week there was a study from Hawaii, a state that reduced its teen pregnancy and abortion rates after it scrapped “abstinence only” sex education. If we as a society really want to lower teen pregnancy rates, then we should have comprehensive sex education in schools, which includes consent. Teenagers will have sex. There’s absolutely no way around it. Instead of just demonising young women, we should give them the tools to make safe decisions.

Right now it is possible for Kiwi women to access abortion services but it isn’t completely legal. Women still have to jump through hoops and waiting periods to get an abortion. Anyone who has gone through our public health care system and had to wait for results or wait to see a specialist knows how distressing and stressful that can be. Even with comprehensive sexual education and the emergency contraceptive pill (morning after pill), pregnancies will occur. Not everyone gets pregnant in the same circumstances. Extraordinary circumstances which in it of itself are traumatising increases the difficulty a woman might face with a pregnancy. Demonising women because of a health condition is counter-productive.

So often, the pro-life conversation is dominated by those who have regretted getting an abortion. But for every person who regrets getting one, there are many others who are relieved to have the choice. Their voices are shut out. Progressive abortion laws don’t force anyone to get an abortion but regressive ones definitely prevent people from getting one. A person can only “choose to keep the baby” if they have the choice not to. Otherwise it isn’t a choice.

Politicians do not want to talk about this issue because it doesn’t poll well with the voters. Politicians want to win elections but the purpose of winning elections is to govern. Governance requires making decisions that are sometimes unpopular. We elect people to represent us but also to exercise judgment on our behalf.

They have the resources to convene committees, get expert testimonies and make decisions that are based on evidence. We, as individuals, do not have that luxury when forming an opinion on an issue. They may not want to deal with this issue but dealing with it is in their job description. It’s time someone reminded politicians that winning elections isn’t their job, governing is.

Lamia Imam (B.A. Hons and LLB, Canterbury) recently completed Masters in Public Administration at the LBJ School of Public Affairs (University of Texas at Austin), focusing on election law, empirical & financial analysis of public policy, campaigns and public relations. She has presented, as part of a team of researchers, on the use of social media by congressional committees at the Congressional Research Service in Washington D.C. She previously worked at the NZ Parliament for the Labour Leader’s Office and at the Office of Treaty Settlements in Wellington. 

100

SIBs: The reality of "return-based outcomes"

by John Palethorpe

The government doesn't want to fund social care programmes any more. That's not precisely what they've said, but the announcement that they will be offering Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) implies that they believe that social care issues in NZ society should not or simply cannot continue to be funded with taxpayer money. Or at least not be funded without somebody, somewhere making some money out of it.

With stark growth in inequality and a politically-motivated antipathy towards raising taxes, their solution to funding social care is to open up the sector to investors. The theory says this unlocks the reserves of capital held by the richest for the benefit of society. However, in order to get those at the top to be interested in those at the bottom, it's necessary to offer them some more of what they already have: Money!

SIBs require the investment of capital from the private sector. The offered bonds have a fixed rate of return, much like other purely financially-based government bonds. The return on the investment is only delivered if the predetermined outcomes of the project are achieved.

These outcomes are determined between the investor, the government commissioning board and the contractor engaged to deliver the services. Should the outcomes not be achieved, the investor loses their money. Should the targets be reached, the government pays the investor their money back plus the additional fixed rate of return. That additional money is derived from the future cost savings of successful social services projects. Basically, it comes from the taxpayer.

In the UK, the pilot SIB was based around offender management and reoffending rates among ex-prisoners. That's pretty clear-cut and one that's easily quantifiable in terms of success or failure. However, the first SIB that National is offering is not in the area of offender management. Instead it's focusing on New Zealand's mental health services. Which is about the point that people have started to ask questions.

Firstly, how do you calculate if a social intervention programme targeting mental health services users is successful? The same question for substance abuse, chronic illness, disability and issues relating to the breakdown of families. How do you accurately calculate the "future savings" an intervention will have, and how on earth do you translate that into an investment dividend funded through taxpayer money?

Secondly, the focus on garnering investment capital, unlocking the "potential" of the investment market in the social services sector, ignores the method by which the services will be delivered. The chief solution is outsourcing: tendering a contract to the lowest bidder who will deliver an approximation of services in order to profit from that contract. If you're packing cans of tomatoes, you can skimp on the materials for packing, or buy slightly lower grade tomatoes. You just cannot do that when dealing with social services. Or can you?

Jonathan Coleman, well known for his empathetic and caring stance on social issues, has stated that with the creation of a profit incentive, the investors and the contractors will be encouraged to get better outcomes for their clients. Which is alright if you ignore the fact that the private sector actively seeks to maximise profits from its employees while at the same time paying them the lowest wage possible. And while Coleman protests that the Government won't be making profit, somebody will. And they'll be making it from the most vulnerable in society.

Let's wind back to the return-based outcomes. These will be contractual, with set targets for each level of financial return. This essentially makes clients within the system fixed cost units. The better the numbers reported back to the Government are, the better the financial result for both the provider and the investor. Which doesn't at all mean that the actual lives of the people using the service has been improved. 

Take, for example, Serco's role in Mt Eden prison. While Corrections minister Sam Lotu-liga insists it's good value for money, the UN report that it has the highest level of inmate-on-inmate violence in New Zealand. The reporting of the success of Mt Eden, and the new Serco run prison in South Auckland, falls to Serco itself. Who watches the watchmen? Oh.

In the UK, outsourced assessment of disability capability to ATOS and the resulting financial sanctions have led to deaths. A woman in a coma was told to find work. An ex-serviceman amputee with terminal lung cancer was told to find work. And each declaration of fitness to work was a positive outcome recorded in fulfillment of the contract ATOS had with the Government. This letter from M.J Black should be shared widely amongst those pondering what the Social Impact Bond driven social sector would look like from the inside. It's not social,  it's not secure and there is very little real benefit on display.

Which returns us to the question of what success will look like, or more disturbingly, what the contractors will do to meet their service level agreements. Consider, also, the possibility that investors may also hold shares in the companies to which the services are outsourced. In that situation, the Government will effectively pay the same person twice. Is that effective? Is that economically sensible?

We already live in a country where corporatism seems to have replaced capitalism, where the interests of those in power are more closely aligned with donors, who also happen to be the new beneficiaries of the opening up of social security to their profiting.

Relationships Aotearoa should have provided an illustrative lesson in the impossibility of profiting from family hardship and social strife. Some things are not designed to turn a profit, because the social profit they bring simply cannot be calculated and contracted. 

At the centre of social security should be those who require its services, not the profit margins of those who seek to scrounge from the benefits that a common duty of care provides. It is a measure of our common humanity, and a recognition that life is not as equal, fair and justly rewarding as it should be. It's measured in support, warmth and kindness, not cold accountancy. It is, and should always be, about our bonds with each other, rather than our Government's bond with an investment broker.

John Palethorpe blogs regularly at The Shinbone Star.

31

Sex, monsters and outrage

by Joshua Drummond

When my wife got home from work a couple of days ago, I said something along the lines of "Did you see that terrible thing that happened with the students who got handed sex-ed literature that basically said women were sluts if they were in de-facto relationships?" 

Louise said, "That's not what happened." She explained. 

"Oh," I said, crestfallen. "I guess I didn't read past the headline." 

Since then the story about the terrible thing that happened with the students who got handed sex-ed literature that basically said women were sluts if they were in de-facto relationships has gotten massive. I've seen it shared on my own Facebook timeline about twenty times, and, more objectively, it's been reblogged by highly-read sources like BoingBoing. A Twitter search of the original NZ Herald URL is pretty instructive: 

So yeah, the story is going gangbusters. I'm sure the people who check the NZ Herald's analytics are popping champagne corks (or, more probably, Lindauer.)

The problem is, of course, that the story is more or less complete bollix. 

If you do what the inverted pyramid style of news-writing (most important stuff first, basically) is designed to enable, and you read just the first couple of paragraphs of the original NZ Herald story, you get: 

"Secondary school students were this week handed a pamphlet branding women in de facto relationships "cheap prostitutes" and "wicked fornicators", and saying "death and hell" awaited those having gay sex.

The material, produced by the American-based Bible Baptist Publications, was handed out to year 11 students at Christchurch's co-ed Papanui High School during a health studies class."

And that is all literally true. Students were handed nakedly offensive material in a health studies class. Cue outrage, cue Tweeting, Tumblring, Facebooking. A guy I know who supports the Secular Education Network (as do I) posted on FB opining that it was a good example of why religion should be kept out of schools. That was the first place I saw it. I skimmed the first few lines of the article, and felt that hot little heartburn of outrage. "Grr!" thought I. I didn't repost it - it was a particularly busy day - but I did mention it to Louise when she got home, as I figured she'd be interested. 

Nope. In fact, she'd already left a comment on the Facebook page where she'd seen it posted, pointing out that the story misrepresented the context of the actual events. I got the impression that the comment-leaving had been an exercise in futility. A lot of people had reacted just how I had, and also apparently lacked excellent partners who actually read news stories before commenting on them. 

I went back and read the story - all of it, this time. What actually happened was: the year 11 students were given the pamphlet with the aim of showing one particular "perspective in a range of societal views" on sex and sexual health. Lydia Clark, the mother of a queer student in the class, complained, and posted her letter to the school on the Secular Education Network Facebooko page. A meeting was held at the school, and the context of the lesson was explained. Clark said she was satisfied with the outcome. It transpired the lesson was taken by a relief teacher, who had omitted a critical evaluation on the material that normally would have been done by the class' usual teacher. The headlines and ledes and first few paragraphs of the stories that ran on both the NZ Herald and Stuff.co.nz were deliberately written (and/or, perhaps, sub-edited) to be as inflammatory as possible.

By analogy, it's a lot like students studying World War Two. Some knowledge of the Nazi's peculiar, perverted ideology and the conditions in which it flourished is necessary to understand how the war got going. But no-one's being taught that Nazis are rad, any more than they're being taught that unmarried women are sluts in this particular case. The lesson was - and why not have some fun with paraphrasing - intended to point out the unfortunate truth that there are a lot of dicks in the world and some of them try to force their dickery on others. I'd have thought this was a pretty important lesson, especially when it comes to sexual health, and where better to experience it than in the (relatively) safe space of a health education class?

No! said Labour education spokesperson Chris Hipkins, who thundered mildly: "It's fine for schools to be using stuff to provoke kids into thinking but there's a fine line between provoking critical thought and something that's offensive. That, I think, crosses the line."

Well, I suppose that's up for debate. Should students be privy to the extremist views of nutcases? (Extremist views, I'll add, that you can easily experience for yourself in your local Baptist or Pentecostal church, including the relatively benign ones that I grew up in.) I think they should. There may be an argument against it, but I think that Hipkins is making a knee-jerk judgement based on the offensiveness of the materials discussed and ignoring the context they were discussed in. So is everyone else. Which brings me to BoingBoing. Their snippet on it reads: 

"Year 11 students at a Christchurch NZ high school were given a pamphlet that described unmarried women relationships as "cheap prostitutes" and "wicked fornicators," and warned that gay sex would lead to "death and hell."

No big deal, said principal Jeff Smith, explaining that the pamphlet was designed to encourage students to make "informed relationship decisions." 

Cool, so now the story's devolved to "the principal is a monster" on one of the world's most-read websites. I'm sure that even people who are with Chris Hipkins in thinking students shouldn't be exposed to offensive material will agree that that's a perverse outcome. It could easily get worse. I read Jon Ronson's So You've Been Publicly Shamed a couple of weeks back and it gave me the screaming heebie-jeebies. Imagine if poor Principal Jeff Smith starts getting hounded by misinformed Twitter-hordes. Hasn't happened yet that I can tell, but it easily could, with someone as big as BoingBoing putting a horribly skewed version of the story out there. 

Another story that has parallels to this is the horrible tale of a poor bloke who took a selfie next to a cutout of Darth Vader for his kids in Melbourne. A nearby woman saw it, assumed he was a paedophile taking photos of her children, and stuck his picture on Facebook warning others about him. It was shared, and the man shamed in comments, tens of thousands of times before the guy in question got in contact (after handing himself in to police for what one can only imagine was a harrowing interview) and the woman issued a retraction on Facebook. Of course, the retraction was viewed and shared far less than the original scaremongering. As it (fortunately) blew over, the guy made the following statement: 

"People need to get their information from proper news sources rather than rely on drama queens who share things without thought on Facebook." 

Well, maybe. The problem is, in the case of the offensive sex-ed material, that the news sources are getting their stories from social media. 

Fortunately, the excellent GayNZ is on the case,with a story pointing out that the entire idea of the exercise was to critically evaluate extreme community opinions - and, most pertinently, noting that "Lydia Clark [the mother] says she told the reporter "there was not a juicy story there and asked her not to print the story". 

I suppose time will tell if BoingBoing print an update to their inflammatory bullshit non-story. I sure hope they do. But now that it's out there, I don't know how much help it will be

23

Look in the Mirror, New Zealand

by Tracey Barnett

As the tragic news broke this week that up to 900 possible refugees may have drowned at sea trying to get to Italy, the call went out like bad satire, “Stop the boats! Punish the traffickers!”

What a sad folly. No one, including New Zealand, was willing to look in the mirror. Maybe that’s because the truth is, our own reflection isn’t terribly pretty. As families risk their lives at sea rather than die in the war that has engulfed them, New Zealand has quietly just shrugged. It’s not our crisis. It’s so far away.

We’re missing the boat entirely. We are every bit a part of the problem. New Zealand has very quietly closed the door to refugees from long-term neglect.

Our miniscule UNHCR refugee quota has been stalled for an incredible 28 years now. Even though we’ve grown in population over those three decades by almost 40 percent, our per capita commitment to refugees has shrunk into microscopic size. Indeed, the only time our annual quota changed was to drop by 50 places in 1997.

We like to believe our own clichés; we’re decent world citizens who punch above our weight. But that’s not what the numbers say. New Zealand ranks 87th in the world in the total refugees and asylum seekers we host, 113th if you assess it by our GDP per capita. For our relative wealth, we have nothing to be proud of. Even Australia, no friend to boat arrivals, voluntarily welcomes over three times more UNHCR refugees per capita than we do.

That doesn’t tell the whole story either. What’s worse, have a gander at what has happened to our spontaneous asylum seeker arrivals. Their numbers have withered by an astounding -75 percent since 9-11.

Because of our geography, asylum seekers arrive to New Zealand by air. But today, potential refugees who seek their perfectly legal right to ask for asylum are being stopped from ever getting on a plane.

The ‘war on terror’ has a lot to answer for. In the past, the very few asylum seekers who attempted to make it all the way to a cousin in New Zealand, today are swept away from their last lifeline by the magic of big data sharing. Western countries now quietly lock out potential asylum seekers through sophisticated computer interdiction systems. That means someone with a Syrian passport, for example, may never be allowed to board a flight to Auckland. They may be shut out from ever receiving a visa.

It makes sense then, why desperate people are so willing to risk putting their families onto rickety boats. If you have to chose between almost certain death at home, or even the possibility of safety at the end of a dangerous voyage, you will choose life every time.

This decade’s flourishing boat trafficking has been given an unintended, deadly boost. New Zealand, like its Five Eyes brethren, makes damned sure folks can’t even begin the air journey to ask for help in the first place.

What does that look like in reality? Our tiny asylum acceptance numbers used to be roughly 500 annually in the handful of years before 9-11. When the new millennium clicked over, backlog arrivals climbed as high as roughly 1500. But post 9-11, everything changed. The western world didn’t care if innocent civilians running from war and persecution were caught up in their frenzied anti-terrorist web. US-led computer interdiction kicked in with force. New Zealand was only too happy to be a good team player.

When the twin towers burned, no one knew then that honouring the spirit of international refugee conventions worldwide would go up in smoke too. Today, New Zealand asylum acceptances have dried up to a sad, desperate trickle, just 129 this past year. In real terms, we’re doing less, for far less refugees than we did decades ago.

We are willing to ‘get on the right side’ when it comes to spending 65 million dollars to put Kiwi lives at risk in Iraq.  But there is a better answer to a far better question: How can we contribute on the world stage in a saner, more humane, even measurable way? How can we contribute in a manner that unquestionably enriches specific lives, that suits the Kiwi sense and sensibility far more than helping to wage war?

Next year our government will be asked to review our annual refugee quota—yes, yet again. Given all that we haven’t done in 28 years and counting, even if we doubled our paltry in-take, we would only move from 87th in the world to a mere 78th in the number of refugees we host.  We are better than that, New Zealand.

Prime Minister, at the very least, double our refugee quota; double our refugee support—because this is the right thing to do. Build the lives that war destroys and wage peace, New Zealand, instead.

 

Columnist Tracey Barnett is the author of The Quiet War on Asylum and created the refugee initiative #WagePeaceNZ. Supporters of doubling our refugee quota or those who want to stay abreast of refugee issues in New Zealand can ‘like’ #WagePeaceNZ at: https://www.facebook.com/wagepeacenz